Dynamics of Communal Conflicts on Agricultural Productivity and Food Security in Communities of Southern Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the dynamics of communal conflicts and their effects on agricultural productivity and household food security in communities of Southern Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigated the impact of communal conflicts on agricultural productivity and assessed their influence on household food security. A cross-sectional survey design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted. Data were collected from 624 respondents selected through purposive and simple random sampling from conflict-prone communities in Biase, Akamkpa, and Odukpani Local Government Areas. Information was obtained using questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations, and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that communal conflicts significantly reduced agricultural productivity, with output declining by 41.4 percent for cassava, 40.3 percent for yam, 37.2 percent for maize, 44.7 percent for cocoa, and 42.6 percent for plantain. Livelihood impact indices ranged from 55.6 percent in Ojor versus Uyanga to 86.3 percent in New Natin versus Odukpani, while household income declined by 63.4 percent in severely affected communities. Food security was similarly compromised, as household food self-sufficiency decreased from 74.5 percent to 46.2 percent, and the average number of meals consumed per day fell from 3.0 to 1.9.The study concluded that communal conflicts have profound negative effects on agricultural productivity and household food security in Southern Cross River State. It recommended strengthening conflict resolution mechanisms, implementing livelihood support programmes, and developing policies that enhance agricultural resilience and promote sustainable food security.